The vessel or ship asOcean-going vessels are classified by the type of cargo they carry and their size expressed as dwt or deadweight tonnage. In some cases, a vessel is classified by its length and width. Since each classification society has slightly different standards, the size range for each vessel type may vary.
Bulk Carriers
These vessels carry dry (grains, fertilizers, phophates and ores) or wet (chemicals, orange juice, refined petroleum products) bulk cargo.
Handysize
Size: 10,000 - 30,000 dwt
These are small bulk carriers that make up the majority of the world's short haul fleet. Handysize can refer either to a bulk carrier or tanker.
Handymax
Size: 30,001 - 50,000 dwt
These are a larger version of the Handysize vessels and popular for both bulk and crude carriers. These vessels have a large variation in size and characteristics.
Panamax
Size: 50,001 dwt - 80,000 dwt
This is the maximum size ship that can pass through the locks of the Panama Canal. Locks are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft deep. Panamax dimensions are: overall length (LOA) of 965ft (290m); beam of 106ft (32.3m); draft of 39.5ft (12.04m).
Capesize
Size: 80,001 dwt - 199,000 dwt
These are vessels that are too large to pass through the locks of either the Panama or Suez Canals. As a result, these vessels must travel around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa or Cape Horn in South America to their destinations. These vessels also require deep-water ports.
Very Large Ore Carriers (VL Ore Carriers)
Size: 200,000+ dwt
These vessels are the largest bulk carriers and also cannot pass through either the Panama or Suez canals.
Tankers
These vessels carry refined petroleum products in numerous bulk tanks for safety and in order to carry a number of different products in a single voyage.
Tankers of less than 100,000 dwt are referred to as either "clean" or "dirty". Clean tankers carry refined petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, or chemicals. The so-called dirty vessels transport products such as heavy fuel oils or crude oil. Larger tankers usually only carry crude oil.
Coastal
Size: 3,001 dwt - 10,000 dwt
These are the smallest tankers and are generally used in coastal waters requiring a shallow draft. Coastal tankers typically carry kerosene, heating oils, fuels and chemicals.
Small
Size: 10,001 dwt - 19,000 dwt
This is the next size up tanker and is still often used in coastal waters. These also typically carry kerosene, heating oils, fuels and chemicals.
Handy or Handysize
Size: 19,001 dwt - 25,000 dwt
Alternate: 10,000 - 34,999 dwt
This is a popular-sized tanker, but typically not used in very long voyages
Medium or Handymax
Size: 25,001 dwt - 45,000
Alternate: 35,000 - 49,999 dwt
This is a larger "Handy" sized vessel.
Large/Long Range One (LRI)
Size: 45,001 - 70,000 dwt
Alternate: 45,000 to 79,999
Large/Long Range Two (LRII)
Size: 70,001 - 100,000+ dwt
Alternate: 80,000 - 159,999
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